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In government contracting, a Contract Adjustment Board is a department board at the Secretariat level which deals with disputes and requests for extraordinary relief under Public Law 85-804〔(72 Stat. 972; 50 U.S.C. 1431)〕 of Aug. 28, 1958. In brief:〔http://www.ogc.doc.gov/ogc/contracts/cld/rd/gao/2001/B-287121.pdf United States General Accounting Office, ''Decision''〕 Public Law No. 85-804, codified at 50 U.S.C. § 1431-35 (Supp. IV 1998), grants to the President the authority to authorize any agency which exercises functions in connection with the national defense to enter into contracts or into amendments or modifications of contracts, and to make advance payments, without regard to other applicable legal provisions whenever such action would facilitate the national defense. 50 U.S.C. § 1431. The legislative history of the statute indicates that it may also be used as the basis for making indemnity payments under certain government contracts, the so-called "residual powers. " ECR Current Materials at 1005, 1021. The legislative history explains that "()he need for indemnity clauses in most cases arises from the advent of nuclear power and the use of highly volatile fuels in the missile program. The magnitude of the risks involved under procurement contracts in these areas have rendered commercial insurance either unavailable or limited in coverage." For example: *The Departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force each have a contract adjustment board.〔''Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Conforming Changes--Standards of Conduct and Extraordinary Contractual Actions (DFARS Case 2008-D004) Defense Department Documents and Publications August 12, 2008 ''〕 *The NASA Contract Adjustment Board considers requests by NASA contractors for equitable contractual relief. *In the U.S. Department of Transportation, a "Board of Contract Appeals"〔established pursuant to the Contract Disputes Act of 1978 (92 Stat.2383; 41 U.S.C. 601)〕 is responsible for hearings and decisions on appeals from decisions of departmental contracting officers; when sitting as the Contract Adjustment Board it acts on petitions for extraordinary contractual relief under Public Law 85-804. *The 1983 FEMA regulations for "Extraordinary Contractual Adjustment Procedures",〔41 CFR Part 44-17〕 established pursuant to Pub. L. 85-804 and Executive Order 10789 and "to supplement that part of the Federal Procurement Regulations dealing with extraordinary actions to facilitate the national defense (41 CFR 1-17)", provides that:〔§ 44-17.101 Authority〕 ::As cases arise under the Act, the Director of FEMA shall appoint, as needed, a FEMA Contract Adjustment Board consisting of one senior staff member, not otherwise involved with the action under consideration, from each of the following offices: :::(1) Acquisition Management, :::(2) General Counsel, :::(3) Comptroller. ::The Board shall prescribe its own procedures and has power to do all acts and things necessary or appropriate for the conduct of their functions. The decisions of the Board shall be final but each Board may reconsider, modify, correct or reverse any of its previous decisions. Most agency boards of contract appeals have a Web site, including the most prominent board, the Armed Services Board of Contract Appeals, www.law.gwu.edu/ASBCA/, which hears appeals from the DOD, NASA and other agencies by agreement. ==History== During World War I, a "Board of Contract Adjustment" was created to determine "all claims, doubts and disputes which may arise under departmental contracts"; it implemented the policies for Liquidation, Cancellation, and Adjustment of contracts. According to Evans Reamer Machine Company v. United States. 386 F.2d 873, "since the early days of World War II," the main defense agencies have been authorized to grant discretionary relief to contractors suffering losses on account of mistakes.〔Title II, Section 201, First War Powers Act, 55 Stat. 838 (1941); Executive Order No. 9001, 6 F.R. 6787 (1941); Act of Jan. 12, 1951, 64 Stat. 1257; 50 U.S.C. App. Sec. 611 (1952 ed.); P.L. 85-804, 72 Stat. 972, 50 U.S.C. Secs. 1431–1435 (1958).〕 The underpinning for the granting of relief must be a finding that such action would facilitate the national defense or prosecution of the war.〔See Kramer, Extraordinary Relief for War Contractors, 93 U. of Pa.L. Rev. 357, 360 (1945); Correction of Mistakes in Contracts Under Public Law 85-804, Government Contracts Monograph No. 1, p. 4 (The Geo. Wash. Univ.) (1961)〕 Title II relief has been referred to variously as "far-reaching," "extraordinary," and "a snare and a delusion."〔See Fain and Watt, War Procurement — A New Pattern in Contracts, 44 Col. L. Rev. 127, 199 (1944) and McClelland, Title II — One Year Later: A Legislative Midsummer Night's Dream, 62 Dick. L. Rev. 327 (1958)〕 According to U.S. v. Utah Constr. & Mining Co., pursuant to a delegation by the President under Public Law 85—804,〔Public Law 85—804, 72 Stat. 972, 50 U.S.C. § 1431 (1964 ed.)〕 government departments and agencies exercising functions in connection with the national defense may, upon a finding that such action would 'facilitate the national defense,' enter into amendments and modifications of contracts without regard to other provisions of law respecting such amendments and modifications. As implemented by the Atomic Energy Commission's procurement regulations,〔see ASPR, 32 CFR § 17.000 et seq.; AECPR, 41 CFR § 9—17.000 et seq.,〕 the authority conferred encompasses amendments without consideration, correction of mutual mistakes, and formalization of informal commitments. This authority, which in many respects is analogous to power to settle claims, is delegated to Contract Adjustment Boards established within the departments and agencies concerned separate from the Boards of Contract Appeals. Because the regulations preclude resort to the powers conferred by Public Law 85—804 '(u)nless other legal authority in the Department concerned is deemed to be lacking or inadequate,',〔ASPR, 32 CFR § 17.205—1(b)(2)〕 the Army Contract Adjustment Board has generally required contractors to exhaust remedies before the ASBCA under the disputes clause.〔Blaw-Knox Co., ACAB Dkt. No. 1019, Nov. 2, 1960〕 Thus it is quite evident from the administration of Public Law 85—804 and its predecessors that the limitations on the jurisdiction of the Boards of Contract Appeals are well understood by the military procurement departments and Congress. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Contract adjustment board」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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